Основи Linux (GL120)

Prerequisites

Students should be comfortable with computers. No familiarity with Linux or other Unix operating systems is required.

Course Outline

1. What is Linux?

   1. Unix and its Design Principles
   2. FSF and GNU
   3. GPL – General Public License
   4. The Linux Kernel
   5. Linux Kernel and Versioning
   6. Components of a Distribution
   7. Slackware
   8. SUSE Linux Products
   9. Debian
   10. Ubuntu
   11. Red Hat Linux Products
   12. Oracle Linux

2. Login and Exploration

   1. Logging In
   2. Running Programs
   3. Interacting with Command Line
   4. Desktop Environments
   5. GNOME
   6. Starting X
   7. Gathering Login Session Info
   8. Gathering System Info
   9. uptime & w
   10. got root?
   11. Switching User Contexts
   12. sudo
   13. Help from Commands and Documentation
   14. whereis
   15. Getting Help Within the Graphical Desktop
   16. Getting Help with man & info
   17. $MANPATH, whatis and apropos

   Lab Tasks

   1. Login and Discovery
   2. Help with Commands
   3. Switching Users With su

3. The Linux Filesystem

   1. Filesystem Support

   2. Unix/Linux Filesystem Features

   3. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

   4. Navigating the Filesystem

   5. Displaying Directory Contents

   6. Filesystem Structures

   7. Determining Disk Usage With df and du

   8. Determining Disk Usage (GUI)

   9. Disk Usage with Quotas

   10. File Ownership

   11. Default Group Ownership

   12. File and Directory Permissions

   13. File Creation Permissions with umask

   14. SUID and SGID on files

   15. SGID and Sticky Bit on Directories

   16. Changing File Permissions

   17. User Private Group Scheme

   Lab Tasks

   1. Navigating Directories and Listing Files
   2. Disk and Filesystem Usage
   3. File and Directory Ownership and Permissions
   4. Introduction to Troubleshooting Labs
   5. Troubleshooting Practice: Filesystem

4. Manipulating Files

   1. Directory Manipulation
   2. File Manipulation
   3. Deleting and Creating Files
   4. Managing Files Graphically
   5. Drag and drop with Nautilus
   6. Physical Unix File Structure
   7. Filesystem Links
   8. File Extensions and Content
   9. Displaying Files
   10. Previewing Files
   11. Producing File Statistics
   12. Displaying Binary Files
   13. Searching the Filesystem
   14. Alternate Search Method

   Lab Tasks

   1. Manipulating Files and Directories
   2. File Examination & Search Commands

5. Shell Basics

   1. Role of Command Shell
   2. Communication Channels
   3. File Redirection
   4. Piping Commands Together
   5. Filename Matching
   6. File Globbing and Wildcard Patterns
   7. Brace Expansion
   8. Shell and Environment Variables
   9. Key Environment Variables
   10. Which and Type
   11. General Quoting Rules
   12. Nesting Commands

   Lab Tasks

   1. Redirection and Pipes
   2. Wildcard File Matching
   3. Shell Variables
   4. Shell Meta-Characters
   5. Command Substitution

6. Archiving and Compression

   1. Archives with tar
   2. Archives with cpio
   3. The gzip Compression Utility
   4. The bzip2 Compression Utility
   5. The XZ Compression Utility
   6. The PKZIP Archiving/Compression format
   7. GNOME File Roller

   Lab Tasks

   1. Archiving and Compression

7. Text Processing

   1. Searching Inside Files
   2. The Streaming Editor
   3. Text Processing with Awk
   4. Replacing Text Characters
   5. Text Sorting
   6. Duplicate Removal Utility
   7. Extracting Columns of Text
   8. Combining Files and Merging Text
   9. Comparing File Changes

   Lab Tasks

   1. Processing Text Streams
   2. Text Processing

8. Regular Expressions

   1. Regular Expression Overview
   2. Regular Expression Implementations
   3. Regular Expressions
   4. RE Character Classes
   5. Regex Quantifiers
   6. RE Parenthesis

   Lab Tasks

   1. Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions
   2. Extended Regular Expressions
   3. Using Regular Expressions With sed

9. Text Editing

   1. Text Editing

   2. Pico/GNU Nano

   3. Pico/Nano Interface

   4. Nano configuration

   5. Pico/Nano Shortcuts

   6. vi and Vim

   7. Learning Vim

   8. Basic vi

   9. Intermediate vi

   Lab Tasks

   1. Text Editing with Nano
   2. Text Editing with Vim

10. Messaging

    1. System Messaging Commands
    2. Controlling System Messaging
    3. Internet Relay Chat
    4. Instant Messenger Clients
    5. Electronic Mail
    6. Sending Email with sendmail
    7. Sending and Receiving Email with mailx
    8. Sending and Receiving Email with mutt
    9. Sending Email with Pine
    10. Evolution

    Lab Tasks

    1. Command Line Messaging
    2. Command Line Email
    3. Alpine

11. Command Shells

    1. Shells
    2. Identifying the Shell
    3. Changing the Shell
    4. Shell Configuration Files
    5. Script Execution
    6. Bourne Shell: Shell Prompts
    7. Bash: Bourne-Again Shell
    8. Bash: Configuration Files
    9. Bash: Command Line History
    10. Bash: Command Editing
    11. Bash: Command Completion
    12. Bash: “shortcuts”
    13. Bash: prompt
    14. Setting Resource Limits via ulimit

    Lab Tasks

    1. Linux Shells
    2. Bash History
    3. Aliases
    4. Bash Login Scripts
    5. The Z Shell

12. Introduction to Shell Scripting

    1. Shell Script Strengths and Weaknesses
    2. Example Shell Script
    3. Positional Parameters
    4. Input & Output
    5. Doing Math
    6. Exit Status
    7. Comparisons with test
    8. Conditional Statements
    9. Flow Control: case
    10. The borne for-Loop
    11. The while and until Loops

    Lab Tasks

    1. Writing a Shell Script

13. Process Management and Job Control

    1. What is a Process?
    2. Process Lifecycle
    3. Process States
    4. Viewing Processes
    5. Signals
    6. Tools to Send Signals
    7. nohup and disown
    8. Managing Processes
    9. Tuning Process Scheduling
    10. Job Control Overview
    11. Job Control Commands
    12. Persistent Shell Sessions with tmux
    13. Persistent Shell Sessions with Screen
    14. Using screen
    15. Advanced Screen

    Lab Tasks

    1. Job Control Basics
    2. Process Management Basics
    3. Screen Basics
    4. Using Screen Regions
    5. Troubleshooting Practice: Process Management

14. At and Cron

    1. Automating Tasks
    2. at/batch
    3. cron
    4. The crontab Command
    5. crontab Format
    6. /etc/cron.*/ Directories
    7. Anacron
    8. Systemd Timers

    Lab Tasks

    1. Creating and Managing User Cron Jobs
    2. Adding System cron Jobs
    3. Troubleshooting Practice: Automating Tasks

15. Managing Software

    1. Downloading with FTP
    2. FTP
    3. lftp
    4. Command Line Internet – Non-interactive
    5. Command Line Internet – Interactive
    6. Managing Software Dependencies
    7. Using the Yum & DNF commands
    8. Using Yum history
    9. Yum package groups
    10. Configuring Yum
    11. dnf download & yumdownloader (deprecated)
    12. Popular Yum Repositories
    13. Using the Zypper command
    14. Zypper Services and Catalogs
    15. The dselect & APT Frontends to dpkg
    16. Aptitude
    17. Configuring APT

    Lab Tasks

    1. Command Line File Transfers
    2. Using DNF
    3. Using Zypper
    4. Managing Yum Repositories
    5. Managing Zypper Repositories
    6. Using APT
    7. Adding an APT repository

16. The Secure Shell (SSH)

    1. Secure Shell
    2. OpenSSH Client & Server Configuration
    3. Accessing Remote Shells
    4. Transferring Files
    5. Alternative sftp Clients
    6. SSH Key Management
    7. ssh-agent

    Lab Tasks

    1. Introduction to ssh and secure file transfer
    2. SSH Key-based User Authentication
    3. Using ssh-agent

17. Mounting Filesystems & Managing Removable Media

    1. Filesystems Concept Review
    2. Mounting Filesystems
    3. NFS
    4. SMB
    5. Filesystem Table (/etc/fstab)
    6. AutoFS
    7. Removable Media

    Lab Tasks

    1. Accessing NFS Shares
    2. On-demand filesystem mounting with AutoFS

18. Printing

    1. Legacy Print Systems
    2. Common UNIX Printing System
    3. Defining a Printer
    4. Standard Print Commands
    5. Format Conversion Utilities
    6. enscript and mpage

    Lab Tasks

    1. Printing
    2. Configuring Print Queues

19. The X Window System

    1. The X Window System
    2. X Modularity
    3. X.Org Drivers
    4. Configuring X Manually
    5. Automatic X Configuration
    6. Xorg and Fonts
    7. Installing Fonts for Modern Applications
    8. Installing Fonts for Legacy Applications
    9. The X11 Protocol and Display Names
    10. Display Managers and Graphical Login
    11. Starting X Apps Automatically
    12. X Access Control
    13. Remote X Access (historical/insecure)
    14. Remote X Access (modern/secure)
    15. XDMCP
    16. Remote Graphical Access With VNC and RDP
    17. Specialized X Servers

    Lab Tasks

    1. Remote X with XDMCP
    2. Configure X Security
    3. Configure a VNC Server
    4. Configure a VNC Server
    5. Configure a VNC Server
    6. Secure X

20. Emacs

    1. Emacs
    2. The Emacs Interface
    3. Basic Emacs
    4. More Emacs Commands

    Lab Tasks

    1. Text Editing with Emacs